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Objective: Although the association between depression disorder and cardiovascular diseases has been well recognized. but an effect of depression for incident hypertension are scarce. Design and method: 300 men and 390 women aged over 40 without hypertension or cardiovascular diseases. Depressive disorder was assessed using Beck's depression inventory (BDI) ranged 0 to 63 and was considered if BDI score over 16. Hypertension was defined as SBP over 140 and/or DBP over 90 mmHg or the use of antihypertensive medication. We calculated incidence rates (IRs) per 100 person-year for incident hypertension were calculated and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and its 95% CIs. Results: COVID 19 positive patients with depressive symptoms had a significantly higher incidence of hypertension in women compared to men with depressive symptoms. In the logistic regression analysis, the presence of depressive symptom was significantly associated with incident hypertension with COVID 19 positive independently of age, body mass index, education level, and current smoking and drinking status. Conclusions: COVID 19 positive patients with Depressive symptoms were highly associated with the incidence of hypertension among middle aged women.
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Public health emergencies always lead to serious consequences which affect a lot on human health and socioeconomic progress. It is essential that governments and regional health commissions guide the public toward self-protection and better arranged social production during epidemic outbreaks and spreads. According to the need of risk communication and information disclosure, existing studies for COVID-19 maps and visualization applications are conducive to predicting the future trend of the pandemic, mitigating the harmful effect on public wellbeing by leading to effective intervention and policy measures. However, unsettled tasks remain on comprehensive organization of risk information, effective expression of data for public requirement, and systematic theoretical framework as a standard of map design for public health emergencies. To close the research gaps, this paper proposes a conceptual framework with a three-dimensional spatiotemporal-logic structure as a theoretical foundation for map thematic content selection, which is also a good basis for determining the effective visualization approaches of map design. It enhances the validity and legibility of the map expression by leading maps' thematic content couple with features and processes of an epidemic. Then, using the COVID-19 outbreak in Shenzhen, China, as an example, this paper illustrates how to apply the conceptual framework for selecting the thematic content of COVID-19 maps, and explains the specific ways to transform epidemic data into objects for cartographic representation with proper principles and modes. To our knowledge, this paper is the very first study to bring the thematic content of maps for public health emergencies to the fore, and it is thus believed to shed fresh lights into thematic map design.
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Background: To suggest measures to prevent burnout of physicians during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we conducted a systematic review of research on physician burnout due to COVID-19. Methods: Three foreign databases were used: MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. A search was performed using the following search terms: COVID-19, coronavirus, NCOV, physicians, doctors, residents, and burnout. Four rounds of review were performed to enhance the consistency of quality assessment. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies was used to assess the quality of the eligible studies. Results: A total of 465 studies were identified, of which 32 were selected. The quality assessment determined that 19 studies met the Joanna Briggs Institute criteria and had a low risk of bias. The most common tool used to measure physician burnout in the 32 studies was the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Conclusion: This study systematically evaluated the literature on physician burnout. However, the generalizability of our findings to Korean physicians may be limited. The composition of the medical personnel in Korea, such as open doctors, volunteer doctors, medical professors, and public health doctors, differs significantly from that of other countries. Nevertheless, evaluating the current status of physician burnout due to COVID-19 globally may hold meaningful implications for policymaking.
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Antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleoprotein (NP) were purified from pig serum through two steps: (1) isolation of anti-NP IgG antibodies using magnetic beads with immobilized human SARS-CoV-2 NP and (2) filtration of anti-spike protein (SP) IgG antibodies using magnetic beads with immobilized human SARS-CoV SP. The enhanced specificity of the purified antibodies to the NP of SARS-CoV-2 was demonstrated using an immunoassay with anti-NP IgG antibodies after the isolation and filtration steps. The binding constants (K-d) of the purified anti-NP IgG antibodies to the NP of SARS-CoV-2 and the SP of SARS-CoV were estimated using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor (SPR). A competitive assay using the two-step purified anti-NP IgG antibodies from pig serum demonstrated (a) the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in viral fluid and (b) the discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 from SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and CoV strain 229E in viral fluids.